{"id":3606,"date":"2015-09-26T04:44:42","date_gmt":"2015-09-26T00:44:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.acf100.org\/?p=3606"},"modified":"2016-09-11T21:42:45","modified_gmt":"2016-09-11T17:42:45","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e6%96%87%e9%9d%a9%e6%b5%a9%e5%8a%ab%e4%b8%ad%e8%b5%b0%e5%87%ba%e6%9d%a5%e7%9a%84%e4%b9%a0%e8%bf%91%e5%b9%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/acf100.org\/?p=3606","title":{"rendered":"\u7ebd\u65f6\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u9769\u6d69\u52ab\u4e2d\u8d70\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73(\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\uff09\/2015-9-25"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cultural Revolution Shaped China\u2019s Leader, From Schoolboy to Survivor<\/h2>\n

By<\/span> CHRIS BUCKLEY and DIDI KIRSTEN TATLOW September 24, 2015<\/span><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n
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\u4ece\u6587\u9769\u6d69\u52ab\u4e2d\u8d70\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73<\/h2>\n

\u50a8\u767e\u4eae, \u72c4\u96e8\u970f 2015\u5e749\u670824\u65e5<\/span><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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BEIJING \u2014\u00a0When the pandemonium of the Cultural Revolution erupted, he was a slight, softly spoken 13-year-old who loved classical Chinese poetry. Two years later, adrift in a city torn apart by warring Red Guards, Xi Jinping had hardened into a combative street survivor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u5317\u4eac\u2014\u2014\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u90a3\u573a\u6d69\u52ab\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2a\u8eab\u6750\u7626\u5c0f\u768413\u5c81\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u8bf4\u8d77\u8bdd\u6765\u8bed\u6c14\u6e29\u548c\uff0c\u70ed\u7231\u53e4\u5178\u8bd7\u8bcd\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6b66\u6597\u6210\u98ce\u7684\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u8086\u8650\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u57ce\u91cc\u6f02\u6cca\u6c89\u6d6e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u53d8\u5f97\u575a\u5f3a\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u9006\u5883\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6597\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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His father, a senior Communist Party official who had been purged a few years earlier, was seized and repeatedly beaten. Student militantsransacked his family\u2019s home, forcing them to flee, and one of hissisters died in the mayhem. Paraded before a crowd as an enemy of the revolution and denounced by his own mother, the future president of China was on the edge of being thrown into a prison for delinquentchildren of the party elite.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u9ad8\u5b98\uff0c\u65e9\u51e0\u5e74\u906d\u5230\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u88ab\u6293\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u906d\u5230\u53cd\u590d\u6bb4\u6253\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u6d17\u52ab\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u4ed6\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d0\u59d0\u5728\u52a8\u4e71\u4e2d\u6b7b\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u4f17\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u6e38\u8857\u5e76\u88ab\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u8fd8\u5dee\u4e00\u70b9\u88ab\u6295\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u62bc\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u5931\u8db3\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u5c11\u7ba1\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Visiting the United States this week, Mr. Xi, 62, has presented himself as a polished statesman, at ease hobnobbing with American capitalistsin Seattle and attending a state dinner at the White House in his honor, set for Friday. Yet his first immersion in politics came on the streets of the Chinese capital during the most tumultuous era of Communist rule, when Mao Zedong exhorted students \u201cto bombard the headquarters\u201d of order.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u73b0\u5e7462\u5c81\u7684\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u672c\u5468\u6b63\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4ed6\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u540d\u6210\u719f\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u98ce\u8303\uff0c\u6cf0\u7136\u81ea\u82e5\u5730\u5728\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u4eb2\u5207\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u5468\u4e94\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5728\u767d\u5bab\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb4\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u9996\u6b21\u63a5\u53d7\u653f\u6cbb\u6d17\u793c\u5374\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u9996\u90fd\u7684\u8857\u5934\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6700\u4e3a\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53f7\u53ec\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u201c\u70ae\u6253\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\"1983\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u6cb3\u5317\u6b63\u5b9a\u53bf\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u7684\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f17\u4ea4\u8c08\u3002\"<\/p>\n

Xinhua Press, via Corbis<\/p>\n

1983\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u6cb3\u5317\u6b63\u5b9a\u53bf\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u7684\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f17\u4ea4\u8c08\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cI always had a stubborn streak and wouldn\u2019t put up with being bullied,\u201d Mr. Xi recalled in an interview in 2000<\/a>, one of the few times he has spoken about his experience as a teenager in Beijing. \u201cI riled the radicals, and they blamed me for everything that went wrong.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201c\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u80a1\u5014\u52b2\uff0c\u4e0d\u7518\u53d7\u6b3a\u8d1f\uff0c\u201d\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u57282000\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u56de\u5fc6\u9053<\/a>\u3002\u4ed6\u5f88\u5c11\u8bb2\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5e74\u5c11\u65f6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u6211\u201c\u5f97\u7f6a\u4e86\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u90fd\u7b97\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Mr. Xi has often discussed the seven years he spent exiled to a rural village during the latter part of the Cultural Revolution, including in a speech in Seattle on Tuesday, casting that chapter of his life as anuplifting story of a city boy who discovers the suffering of ordinary Chinese in the countryside and resolves to make a difference.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7ecf\u5e38\u8c08\u8d77\u4ed6\u5728\u6587\u9769\u540e\u671f\u4e0b\u4e61\u751f\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e03\u5e74\u3002\u5468\u4e8c\u5728\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u53d1\u8868\u8bb2\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u518d\u5ea6\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u90a3\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u6210\u4e00\u6bb5\u9f13\u821e\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u57ce\u91cc\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u51b3\u5fc3\u52aa\u529b\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e00\u72b6\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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But Mr. Xi has rarely spoken in public about his experiences from 1966 to 1968 at the tumultuous start of the Cultural Revolution, and his close contemporaries refuse to talk to foreign journalists aboutthose years.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e00\u76f4\u5f88\u5c11\u516c\u5f00\u8c08\u53ca\u4ed6\u57281966\u5e74\u52301968\u5e74\u95f4\u6587\u9769\u4f0a\u59cb\u90a3\u6bb5\u52a8\u8361\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u540c\u8f88\u4eba\u4e5f\u62d2\u7edd\u5411\u5916\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u5410\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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An examination of memoirs written by them and by members of Mr. Xi\u2019s family, though, offers an unusually vivid look at how a shy, bookish youth, raised in the bosom of party privilege, was tested and changed by the chaos that unfolded after Mao\u2019s decision to turn the masses against the party establishment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u548c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u7279\u6743\u7684\u8941\u8913\u4e2d\u957f\u5927\u7684\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u4e66\u751f\u6c14\u7684\u7f9e\u6da9\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u573a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u51b3\u610f\u4f7f\u5927\u4f17\u5c06\u77db\u5934\u6307\u5411\u5f53\u6743\u6d3e\u800c\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u52a8\u4e71\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ecf\u53d7\u8003\u9a8c\u5e76\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Mr. Xi started his transformation in the equivalent of the seventh grade in the August 1 School, a cloistered boarding school largely reserved for children with parents in the senior ranks of the party and the military. When Cultural Revolution militants shut it down, heended up at the No. 25 School, which was a hotbed of discontent with the party elite, said Qian Peizhen, chairwoman of the school\u2019s alumni association.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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But as order broke down, Mr. Xi, like many youths, spent little time in class. Mr. Xi and a friend \u201cwould hang out all day,\u201d Ms. Qian said.After fleeing their home, he, his mother and his siblings took refuge at the Central Party School, an academy for officials.\u201cWe grew up in a highly abnormal environment,\u201d Li Xiaobing, a classmate at the August 1 School, recalled on a school alumni website<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The purges, zealotry and mass strife that Mao unleashed during the Cultural Revolution left a lasting mark on every Chinese leader whohas succeeded him. But Mr. Xi stands out because he is the first party chief from the generation of the Red Guards \u2014 the youth who served as Mao\u2019s shock troops \u2014 and because he fell so far before beginning his trek to power, from a family in the party elite to an unmoored life as a teenage political pariah.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Some of Mr. Xi\u2019s critics argue that his experiences during the Cultural Revolution inform his authoritarian ways. But the imprint of that time was more complex than that, said Patricia M. Thornton, a professor at Oxford who is researching the Cultural Revolution and its legacy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6587\u9769\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u4f5c\u98ce\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6ce8\u89e3\u3002\u4f46\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u5bf9\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u9769\u53ca\u5176\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u84dd\u68a6\u6797(Patricia M. Thornton)\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Mr. Xi\u2019s generation venerated Mao, she said, but his family suffered in the violence that Mao unleashed, and Mr. Xi\u2019s outlook is rooted in an elitist rejection of that turmoil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u90a3\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u5d07\u656c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e0\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u6587\u9769\u66b4\u529b\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u78e8\u96be\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6e90\u4e8e\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u6587\u9769\u52a8\u4e71\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cXi got to see both sides of that time, which is one reason I think he\u2019s such an interesting character,\u201d she said, \u201cbut that\u2019s also why he\u2019s so difficult to read.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u201d\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u96be\u4ee5\u88ab\u5916\u754c\u8bfb\u61c2\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Unlike some youths from elite backgrounds, Mr. Xi did not turn against the party or Mao, but learned to revere strict order and abhor challenges to hierarchy, said Yongyi Song, a historian andlibrarian in Los Angeles<\/a> who has long studied the Cultural Revolution.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cbe\u82f1\u80cc\u666f\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u6ca1\u6709\u8f6c\u800c\u654c\u89c6\u4e2d\u5171\u6216\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u63a8\u5d07\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u538c\u6076\u5bf9\u7b49\u7ea7\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u9769\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u5728\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u4e00\u6240\u9ad8\u6821\u62c5\u4efb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5458<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u201cHe suffered much under Mao,\u201d Mr. Song said, \u201cbut I think that actually increased his belief that those who are \u2018born red,\u2019 those children of the party elite, earned the right to inherit Mao\u2019s place at the center.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u201c\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d7\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u82e6\uff0c\u201d\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u2018\u7ea2\u8272\u5b50\u5f1f\u2019\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u7ee7\u627f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u515a\u5185\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

At the August 1 School, Mr. Xi and other students were expected to be exemplary servants of the socialist revolution. \u201cWe took the children to clean out latrines, and they did a really fine job,\u201d a former teacher, Tang Yuhua, said in an interview<\/a> for the school alumni association. \u201cThe children of officials did what they were told.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5728\u516b\u4e00\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u751f\u80cc\u8d1f\u7740\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u6a21\u8303\u516c\u4ec6\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u7740\u5b66\u751f\u53bb\u638f\u8305\u623f\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5e72\u5f97\u90fd\u633a\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u201d\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u516b\u4e00\u5b66\u6821\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u5510\u6bd3\u534e\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u6821\u6821\u53cb\u4f1a\u91c7\u8bbf<\/a>\u65f6\u8bf4\u3002\u201c\u5e72\u90e8\u5b50\u5f1f\u542c\u8bdd\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

One of Mr. Xi\u2019s teachers, Chen Qiuying<\/a>, recalled him as a studious, elaborately polite boy who was fond of Du Fu, an ancient Chinese poet. He had a \u201cvery steady, kind personality,\u201d she said in an interview<\/a>published in Hong Kong.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u636e\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728\u516b\u4e00\u5b66\u6821\u65f6\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u9648\u79cb\u5f71<\/a>\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52e4\u594b\u591a\u601d\u3001\u5468\u5230\u793c\u8c8c\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u8bd7\u4eba\u675c\u752b\u3002\u4ed6\u6027\u683c\u201c\u7a33\u91cd\u3001\u4ec1\u539a\u201d\uff0c\u9648\u79cb\u5f71\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u9999\u6e2f\u5a92\u4f53\u91c7\u8bbf<\/a>\u65f6\u8bb2\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

But Mr. Xi and his brothers and sisters were vulnerable when the Cultural Revolution began because Mao had turned on theirfather, Xi Zhongxun, a revolutionary veteran<\/a> and vice premier, four years earlier. He lost his post and was sent to work in a factory in central China, while his wife, Qi Xin, kept her job as a party cadre in Beijing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4f46\u6587\u9769\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u53d7\u6253\u51fb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u526f\u603b\u7406\u3001\u9769\u547d\u5143\u8001<\/a>\u4e60\u4ef2\u52cb\u5728\u56db\u5e74\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6253\u5012\u3002\u4ed6\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u88ab\u4e0b\u653e\u5230\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u5de5\u5382\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u9f50\u5fc3\u5219\u4fdd\u4f4f\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u515a\u5185\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u7559\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

Many of the first Red Guards who embraced Mao\u2019s call in August 1966 to purge society of ideological enemies and traitors were the children of party officials. But Mr. Xi could not join them because he was too young and had been tainted by his father\u2019s fall.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u57281966\u5e748\u6708\u53d1\u51fa\u6e05\u6d17\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u654c\u4eba\u548c\u53db\u5f92\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\uff0c\u7387\u5148\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e00\u53f7\u53ec\u7684\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u5e72\u90e8\u5b50\u5f1f\u3002\u4f46\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7236\u4eb2\u88ab\u6253\u5012\u800c\u6709\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u6c61\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

Instead, he became a target of abuse, Ms. Chen said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u88ab\u8650\u5f85\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u9648\u79cb\u5f71\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u201cHe told me of one incident, in which a primary school sports teacher with a very poor attitude bullied him when the wave of physicalassaults in the Cultural Revolution was spreading,\u201d she said. The sports teacher, she recalled, mocked him as \u201cchild of a black gang,\u201d aterm for toppled officials.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u201c\u4ed6\u66fe\u8ddf\u6211\u8bb2\u8d77\u8fc7\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6709\u4e2a\u4f5c\u98ce\u5f88\u5dee\u7684\u5c0f\u5b66\u4f53\u80b2\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u9769\u6b66\u6597\u4e4b\u98ce\u5174\u8d77\u65f6\u6b3a\u8d1f\u4ed6\uff0c\u201d\u5979\u8bf4\u3002\u5979\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\u90a3\u540d\u4f53\u80b2\u8001\u5e08\u5632\u7b11\u4ed6\u662f\u201c\u9ed1\u5e2e\u5b50\u5973\u201d\uff0c\u9ed1\u5e2e\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u88ab\u6253\u5012\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

Radicals accused students at the school of betraying Mao by defending their parents and privileges. A journal published by Red Guards described the school as \u201ca cradle for pampering the sons of senior cadres\u201d that had \u201cbred a successor class of the bourgeoisie.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u6307\u8d23\u516b\u4e00\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u80cc\u53db\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u5176\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u7279\u6743\u8fa9\u89e3\u3002\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u671f\u520a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u9ad8\u5e72\u5b50\u5f1f\u517b\u5c0a\u5904\u4f18\u7684\u6447\u7bee\u201d\uff0c\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u201c\u57f9\u517b\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u7684\u6e29\u5e8a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

Violence was encouraged and widespread. In August and September of 1966, nearly 1,800 people died in attacks across Beijing, according to party estimates issued in 1980.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u6ce2\u53ca\u751a\u5e7f\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a1980\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4f30\u7b97\u6570\u5b57\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u57281966\u5e748\u6708\u548c9\u6708\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5317\u4eac\u6709\u5c06\u8fd11800\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

Mr. Xi lost an elder sister, Xi Heping, his father\u2019s first daughter through an earlier marriage. Official accounts<\/a> say she was \u201cpersecuted to death,\u201d leaving out details, but a historian familiar with the party elite who spoke on condition of anonymity said she probably took her own life under duress, as many targeted by the Red Guards did in those years.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u59d0\u59d0\u4e60\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u5979\u662f\u4e60\u4ef2\u52cb\u5728\u5934\u4e00\u6b21\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u5973\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u8bf4\u6cd5<\/a>\u662f\u5979\u88ab\u201c\u8feb\u5bb3\u81f4\u6b7b\u201d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e0e\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u719f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5979\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u80c1\u8feb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u81ea\u6740\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f53\u5e74\u88ab\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u63ea\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u5177\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

Mr. Xi\u2019s father, who had been exiled to a factory in central China, was seized by Red Guards, who took him to Xi\u2019an, a city in northwest China, where they paraded him around on a truck, beat and interrogated him, and made outlandish accusations that he had used a secret radio set in his home for clandestine foreign contacts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5df2\u88ab\u53d1\u914d\u53bb\u4e86\u4e2d\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u88ab\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u6293\u5230\u4e86\u897f\u5317\u7684\u897f\u5b89\u5e02\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u62c9\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f86\u5361\u8f66\u6e38\u8857\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u6bb4\u6253\u548c\u6279\u6597\uff0c\u8352\u8c2c\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u79d8\u5bc6\u7535\u53f0\u6697\u4e2d\u901a\u654c\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

As the Cultural Revolution spiraled into mayhem, Mr. Xi learned to fend for himself.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u968f\u7740\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u9677\u5165\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u201cWe were the \u2018blackest\u2019 in the class, and the others all despised us,\u201drecalled Nie Weiping, a classmate at the No. 25 School whose father had also been purged. \u201cThey wouldn\u2019t come near us, and we also despised them.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u73ed\u4e0a\u662f\u6700\u2018\u9ed1\u2019\u7684\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u73ed\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u201d\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u8042\u536b\u5e73\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\u3002\u201c\u4e0d\u6562\u6cbe\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u201d\u8042\u536b\u5e73\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5f53\u65f6\u4e5f\u88ab\u6253\u5012\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

One day, he, Mr. Xi and another teenage friend with a purged father, Liu Weiping, were among a large group ambushed by radical Red Guards outside a school hall. \u201cHundreds of them came rushing out, waving clubs and yelling, and they beat whomever they saw,\u201d Mr. Nie said in a memoir<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u8042\u536b\u5e73\u3001\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u548c\u7236\u4eb2\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u6253\u5012\u7684\u5341\u51e0\u5c81\u7684\u5218\u536b\u5e73\u4e09\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e00\u5927\u7fa4\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u793c\u5802\u5916\u906d\u5230\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u88ad\u51fb\u3002\u201c\u597d\u51e0\u767e\u4eba\u62ff\u7740\u68cd\u5b50\u4ece\u91cc\u9762\u558a\u7740\u51b2\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u89c1\u4eba\u5c31\u6253\uff0c\u201d\u8042\u536b\u5e73\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u56de\u5fc6\u6587\u7ae0<\/a>\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u201cXi Jinping and I moved fast and escaped,\u201d he said, \u201cbut Liu Weiping ran a step slower, and almost suffered a concussion from a beating.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u201c\u6211\u548c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u52a8\u4f5c\u5feb\uff0c\u9003\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u800c\u5218\u536b\u5e73\u8dd1\u5f97\u6162\u4e86\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u88ab\u6253\u6210\u8111\u9707\u8361\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

In the interview published in 2000, when he was still a provincial official, Mr. Xi recalled being singled out and detained by the radicals because of his refusal to yield. \u201cThey all believed I was a leader,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u57282000\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7\u8bbf\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7701\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u56de\u5fc6\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u5e74\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7518\u53d7\u6b3a\u8d1f\u800c\u88ab\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u63ea\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6211\u662f\u5934\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u201cThey asked me how bad I thought my crimes were,\u201d he said. \u201cI said that they should make a guess, was it enough to deserve being shot? They said it would be enough to be shot 100 times over. I thought,what was the difference between being shot once and 100 times?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u3002\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u7ed9\u6211\u4f30\u8ba1\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u591f\u4e0d\u591f\u67aa\u6bd9\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u67aa\u6bd9\u591f100\u6b21\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u60f3100\u6b21\u8ddf\u4e00\u6b21\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u90fd100\u6b21\u4e86\u8fd8\u6015\u4ec0\u4e48?\u201d\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u201cAfterwards,\u201d he added, \u201cI recited the thoughts of Chairman Mao every day late into the night.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u201c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5ff5\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8bed\u5f55\uff0c\u5929\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u71ac\u591c\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

At one point, militants paraded Mr. Xi and five adults on a stage before a rally, according to an associate of Mr. Xi\u2019s father, Yang Ping<\/a>, citing conversations with the father and family. Mr. Xi had to use both hands to hold up the cone-shaped metal hat he was made to wear.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u4e0e\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7236\u4eb2\u719f\u8bc6\u7684\u6768\u5c4f<\/a>\u66fe\u63f4\u5f15\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5bb6\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u548c\u4e94\u4e2a\u6210\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u62c9\u53bb\u6279\u6597\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u8feb\u6234\u7740\u4e00\u9876\u94c1\u5236\u9ad8\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u7528\u4e24\u53ea\u624b\u5403\u529b\u5730\u6258\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cThe mother had no choice but to go to the struggle session and sat below the stage,\u201d Mr. Yang wrote. \u201cWhen they yelled, \u2018Down with Xi Jinping!\u2019 on the stage, his mother was forced to raise her arm and shout the slogan along with everyone.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53c2\u52a0\u6279\u6597\u4f1a\u7684\u5988\u5988\u5c31\u5750\u5728\u53f0\u4e0b\uff0c\u201d\u6768\u5c4f\u5199\u9053\u3002\u201c\u53f0\u4e0a\u558a\u2018\u6253\u5012\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u2019\u65f6\uff0c\u5988\u5988\u88ab\u8feb\u4e3e\u624b\uff0c\u8ddf\u7740\u5927\u5bb6\u558a\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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By late 1968, Mr. Xi\u2019s record of defiance was enough that he was ordered to a juvenile detention center for the children of purged officials. But he was spared imprisonment after Mao issued a call for urban youths to go to the countryside.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u5230\u4e861968\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u4e4b\u4e3e\u5df2\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4e0a\u9762\u4e0b\u4ee4\u628a\u4ed6\u9001\u53bb\u88ab\u6253\u5012\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u5b50\u5973\u5f85\u7684\u5c11\u7ba1\u6240\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u8ba9\u57ce\u5e02\u9752\u5e74\u4e0a\u5c71\u4e0b\u4e61\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u514d\u53bb\u4e86\u906d\u5230\u5173\u62bc\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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He did not see his father again until 1972, when Premier Zhou Enlai arranged a family reunion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u76f4\u52301972\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5468\u6069\u6765\u603b\u7406\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba\u56e2\u805a\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u518d\u6b21\u89c1\u5230\u7236\u4eb2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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The father, battered and disoriented after years of isolation and interrogation, \u201clooked at his two grown boys, and totally failed to recognize them,\u201d according to his father\u2019s biography, citing an interview with Mr. Xi. The older man wept and Mr. Xi offered him a cigarette.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5728\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u9694\u7edd\u548c\u62f7\u6253\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e60\u4ef2\u52cb\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u521b\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7cca\u6d82\u3002\u201c\u770b\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u957f\u5927\u4e86\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\uff0c\u201d\u5176\u7236\u4f20\u8bb0\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e86\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5982\u662f\u8bf4\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u6d41\u4e0b\u4e86\u6cea\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u9012\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u70df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u201cHe asked me, \u2018How come you also smoke?\u2019\u201d Mr. Xi said. \u201cI said, \u2018I\u2019m depressed. We\u2019ve also made it through tough times over these years.\u2019<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u201c\u4ed6\u5c31\u95ee\u6211\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u4e5f\u62bd\u70df\u4e86\uff1f\u201d\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u8c08\u5230\u3002\u201c\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u2018\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u82e6\u95f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u4ece\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\u4e2d\u8d70\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u201cHe went quiet for a moment and said, \u2018I grant you approval to smoke.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201c\u4ed6\u6c89\u9ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u8bf4\uff0c\u2018\u4f60\u62bd\u70df\u6211\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u3002\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4f4d\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u672a\u7ecf\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u64c5\u81ea\u8f6c\u8f7d\u6216\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u50a8\u767e\u4eae(Chris Buckley)\u662f\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u8bb0\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u72c4\u96e8\u970f(Didi Kirsten Tatlow)\u662f\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u9a7b\u4eac\u8bb0\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u4e2d\u6587\u7f51<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Cultural Revolution Shaped China\u2019s Leade … \u95b1\u8b80\u5168\u6587 →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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