{"id":3049,"date":"2015-08-04T20:31:34","date_gmt":"2015-08-04T16:31:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.acf100.org\/?p=3049"},"modified":"2015-08-04T20:31:34","modified_gmt":"2015-08-04T16:31:34","slug":"%e8%96%9b%e5%b9%b3%e8%8f%af%e6%8e%a8%e8%8d%90%e8%87%aa%e5%aa%92%e9%ab%94%e6%89%b9%e8%a9%95%e5%8f%8d%e8%aa%b2%e7%b6%b1%e8%b2%bc%e6%96%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e9%9d%88%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/acf100.org\/?p=3049","title":{"rendered":"\u859b\u5e73\u83ef\u63a8\u8350\u81ea\u5a92\u9ad4\u6279\u8a55\u201c\u53cd\u8ab2\u7db1\u201d\u8cbc\u6587\uff1a\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u53db\u570b, \u7121\u77e5\u7684\u6ec5\u53f2, \u4e0d\u8096\u7684\u5b50\u5b6b"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<blockquote>\n<div><strong><em>\u859b\u5e73\u83ef\uff1a<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n<div><strong><em>\u4eca\u65e5\u81fa\u7063\u5b78\u751f\u53d7\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u4e4b\u81fa\u7368\u9ee8\u7db1\u53ca\u592a\u967d\u82b1\u4efd\u5b50\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c<wbr \/>\u53bb\u570d\u653b\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\uff01\u6211\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u5404\u4f4d\u80fd\u8a2d\u6cd5\u7679\u51fa\u4e0b\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u81f3\u81fa\u7063\u89aa\u53cb\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5982\u80fd\u5ee3\u6c4e\u4ee4\u9078\u6c11\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u5fc5\u80fd\u70ba\u67f1\u59d0\u52a9\u9078\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u66ff\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u80fd\u91cd\u632f\u58eb\u6c23\uff01<wbr \/>\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5e36\u9818\u81fa\u7063\u8d70\u51fa\u5fc3\u9748\u53db\u570b\u7684\u9682\u5f71\uff01<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><em><b>\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u53db\u570b, \u7121\u77e5\u7684\u6ec5\u53f2, \u4e0d\u8096\u7684\u5b50\u5b6b<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bjqssafmj\" target=\"_blank\">\u5a01\u5fd7<\/a>\u5206\u4eab\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100000498728905\" target=\"_blank\">\u5b8b\u570b\u8aa0<\/a>\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/permalink.php?story_fbid=1188639251162688&amp;id=100000498728905\" target=\"_blank\">\u8cbc\u6587<\/a>\u3002<\/em><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"CToWUd\" src=\"https:\/\/ci3.googleusercontent.com\/proxy\/oVWVKZ23cGHATCfHwqrGWKccun7EIZY34AjUvGuFUIyuQtTuLBE4K7TnjlWjbEy1a35iqjY7-i79HUvkaNURQ6ghFuvAbwxg1oEyySjUTddkjrCphjuStGT9rG-IUTCXS0hn-AP9m1Qa9Qcw089B-bio7hnvV_ivHdTzW5mhKGFNKl01krz4I5pmBgq8XPgST1GMBsr9MFLfwOjywIMT4eCydGHfKXc5McutxgvUSvLv5pXWiJ4WidIxjJxOjF_m=s0-d-e1-ft#https:\/\/scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net\/hphotos-xpt1\/v\/l\/t1.0-9\/p261x260\/11817031_1188638891162724_2778523351447860348_n.jpg?oh=a9472885e64f4654f70668fb3bf202e9&amp;oe=563FEE6D\" alt=\"\" width=\"507\" height=\"380\" \/><\/div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"CToWUd\" src=\"https:\/\/ci6.googleusercontent.com\/proxy\/1o_jLm_JPCfkLfGe1xmqDAnTuak1VV2_szQCDAa9eLFQ8m0bkgHYr3mAW1Dkhcs1aE9DHa16SvMcT1RU76BOaRZoEqrqqOeakbybNiiSYIHr_lVL12ry1znAZf2cgm1dbD-htmMEcQ-nwHCxHV-yPdXFoIrWdkvHlsknP9xleCDOOuqhCy5269GLNOoh6d5-2ev0EJQhmP7DPr6k7dxRiFStf3jCtNfMSBGoAhJ_dQLbntiqjVhCz7LktW5GtQ=s0-d-e1-ft#https:\/\/scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net\/hphotos-xpt1\/v\/t1.0-9\/s261x260\/10151414_1188639164496030_6089779181371999372_n.jpg?oh=b2cd87efbd33709b25b58a4829e05699&amp;oe=5645981E\" alt=\"\" width=\"508\" height=\"508\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100000498728905\" target=\"_blank\">\u5b8b\u570b\u8aa0<\/a>\u65b0\u589e\u4e86 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/permalink.php?story_fbid=1188639251162688&amp;id=100000498728905\" target=\"_blank\">2 \u5f35\u65b0\u76f8\u7247<\/a>\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><strong><em>\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u53db\u570b, \u7121\u77e5\u7684\u6ec5\u53f2, \u4e0d\u8096\u7684\u5b50\u5b6b&#8230;&#8230;<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u670b\u53cb\u5011\uff1a<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6559\u5b78\u70ba\u8077\u696d\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u5411\u4e0d\u770b\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c<wbr \/>\u56e0\u70ba\u770b\u4e86\u53ea\u6709\u8b93\u4f60\u5fc3\u60c5\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u5411\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8a55\u8ad6\u6642\u4e8b\uff0c<wbr \/>\u56e0\u70ba\u4e16\u4e8b\u591a\u9f77\u9f6a\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6297\u722d\u300d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4f46\u7576\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7fa4\u53cd\u8ab2\u7db1\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5fc3\u9748\u5982\u6b64\u6028\u6068\uff0c\u53f2\u89c0\u5982\u6b64\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u300c<wbr \/>\u7528\u6297\u722d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\u4ed6\u5011\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u7121\u77e5\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u5f37\u8feb\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5e7c\u7a1a\u300d<wbr \/>\uff0c\u7adf\u4e5f\u4ee5\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u505a\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\u300d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u548c\u738b\u66c9\u6ce2\u6559\u6388\u8faf\u8ad6\uff1a\u300c<wbr \/>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u522a\u9664\u65e5\u672c\u7d71\u6cbb\u81fa\u7063\u5c0d\u81fa\u7063\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u300d\uff1f\u300c<wbr \/>\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8b49\u64da\u8b49\u660e\u6170\u5b89\u5a66\u662f\u88ab\u5f37\u8feb\u7684\uff1f\u300d\u3002\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u751f\u5df2\u662f\u300c<wbr \/>\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u53db\u570b\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u7121\u77e5\u7684\u6ec5\u53f2\u300d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5df2\u662f\u626d\u6253\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u300c\u4e0d\u8096\u5b50\u5b6b\u300d<wbr \/>\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<div><strong><em>\u6211\u81ea\u554f\u6211\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8cc7\u683c\u767c\u8a00\uff1f\u6211\u60f3\u5230\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5e7e\u5e74\u524d\u6211\u66fe\u5728\u4e16\u65b0\u5927\u5b78\u958b\u904e\u4e00\u9580\u8ab2\uff1a\u300c\u5340\u57df\u6587\u5316\u53f2\uff0d\u81fa\u7063\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u300d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u6458\u9304\u8ab2\u5802\u8b1b\u7fa9\u4e00\u6bb5\u3002\u6211\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u662f\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u737b\u300d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u64da\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u8ab2\u7db1\u300d\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u65e5\u64da\u6642\u671f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u958b\u95e2\u963f\u91cc\u5c71\u516c\u8def\u76ee\u7684(\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f)<wbr \/>\u5728\u7aca\u904b\u81fa\u7063\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u6a9c\u6728\uff0c\u65e5\u64da\u6642\u671f\u65e5\u672c\u4fee\u7bc9\u7e31\u8cab\u9435\u8def\u7684\u76ee\u7684(<wbr \/>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f)\u5728\u904b\u5175\u3001\u7bc9\u5de5\u4e8b\uff0c\u65e5\u64da\u6642\u671f\u65e5\u672c\u4fee\u5efa\u5609\u5357\u5927\u5733\u7684\u76ee\u7684(<wbr \/>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f)\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u5357\u6d0b\u4f5c\u6230\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5982\u679c\u53eb\u300c<wbr \/>\u65e5\u672c\u5c0d\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u8ca2\u737b\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u898b(\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u9019\u53eb\u300c<wbr \/>\u6b96\u6c11\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u300d (colonial<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>modernity)\uff0c\u4f46\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5c60\u6bba\u53f0\u7063\u4eba(<wbr \/>\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9019\u4e00\u4ee3\u81fa\u7063\u4eba\u7684\u7956\u5148)\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8aaa\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5167\u5bb9\uff1a<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u4e09\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5c60\u6bba\u81fa\u6c11\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/em><\/strong><br 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\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>(\u4e8c)\u5927\u8386\u6797\u5c0d\u5a66\u5973\u66b4\u884c<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>1895\u5e748\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u9032\u5165\u96f2\u6797\u5730\u65b9\uff0c9\u67082\u65e5\u5230\u9054\u5927\u8386\u6797\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5373\u73fe\u4eca\u5609\u7fa9\u7e23\u5927\u6797\u93ae\u3002\u6b64\u5730\u7684\u9818\u8896\u4eba\u7269\u7c21\u7cbe\u83ef\uff0c<wbr \/>\u6df1\u77e5\u88dd\u5099\u6230\u529b\u7686\u975e\u65e5\u8ecd\u6575\u624b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fcd\u751f\u9748\u5857\u70ad\u800c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u653e\u68c4\u62b5\u6297\uff0c<wbr \/>\u547d\u4ee4\u5c45\u6c11\u6e05\u6383\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u98df\u7269\u6b61\u8fce\u65e5\u8ecd\u3002<wbr \/>\u4e0d\u6599\u65e5\u8ecd\u7adf\u8981\u6c42\u7c21\u737b\u51fa200\u540d\u5a66\u5973\u3002\u7c21\u4e0d\u7b54\u61c9\uff0c<wbr \/>\u65e5\u8ecd\u7adf\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f37\u59e6\u6bba\u5bb3\u7c21\u6c0f\u4e00\u65cf\u5a66\u597360\u591a\u540d\u3002\u7c21\u6c0f\u61a4\u6012\uff0c<wbr \/>\u62db\u96c6\u96f2\u6797\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u5f9e9\u67083\u65e5\u958b\u59cb\u4ee5\u5f13\u7bad\u3001\u68cd\u68d2\u3001\u9677\u9631\u3001\u571f\u69cd\uff0c<wbr \/>\u8972\u64ca\u65e5\u8ecd\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u7c21\u7cbe\u83ef\u53d7\u8f9c\u986f\u69ae\u7684\u5f15\u8a98\uff0c\u5fcd\u75db\u63a5\u53d7\u62db\u64ab\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4f46\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5373\u81ea\u523a\u5de6\u624b\u8840\u7ba1\uff0c\u5931\u8840\u800c\u6b7b\u65bc\u81ea\u5b85\u3002<wbr \/>\u9109\u4eba\u611f\u52d5\u5176\u5fe0\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u300c\u7c21\u5fe0\u7fa9\u300d\u8ffd\u601d[14] \u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>(\u4e09)\u856d\u58df\u8857\u6158\u6bba<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>1895\u5e7410\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u6df7\u6210\u7b2c\u56db\u65c5\u5718\u767b\u9678\u5e03\u888b\u5634(<wbr \/>\u73fe\u5609\u7fa9\u5e03\u888b\u6d77\u53e3)\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u7fa9\u8ecd\u9818\u8896\u6797\u5d11\u5ca1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6562\u6b7b\u968a\u4e4b\u52e2\u634d\u885b\u9109\u91cc\u3002<wbr \/>\u7136\u800c\u6b66\u5668\u7ab3\u52a3\u4e0d\u6575\uff0c\u9000\u64da\u856d\u58df\u8857(\u4eca\u53f0\u5357\u7e23\u4f73\u91cc\u93ae)\u3002<wbr \/>\u65bc\u662f\u65e5\u8ecd\u5927\u4e8b\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u8fd1\u5343\u540d\u6751\u6c11\u8eb2\u5230\u6eaa\u908a\u96dc\u6a39\u6797\u7684\u5929\u7136\u6e9d\u58d1\u4e2d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u56e0\u5b30\u5152\u54ed\u8072\u800c\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u5f8c\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u7adf\u6d3e\u5175\u5206\u5225\u622a\u4f4f\u9577\u5751\u7684\u982d\u5c3e\u5169\u7aef\uff0c<wbr \/>\u7136\u5f8c\u4e82\u69cd\u9f4a\u653e\uff0c\u5c0d\u8457\u5751\u5167\u731b\u70c8\u5c04\u64ca\u4e86\u8fd120\u5206\u9418\u3002\u4e00\u6642\u6dd2\u53b2\u6158\u53eb\uff0c<wbr \/>\u547c\u558a\u54c0\u865f\u5982\u4eba\u9593\u5730\u7344\uff0c\u8eb2\u5230\u5751\u88e1\u907f\u96e3\u7684\u81fa\u7063\u4eba\u7121\u4e00\u5016\u514d\uff0c\u5b30\u5152\u3001<wbr \/>\u5a66\u5973\u4e5f\u7121\u4e00\u4eba\u5f97\u6d3b[15] \u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>(\u56db)\u96f2\u6797\u5927\u5c60\u6bba<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u81fa\u7063\u4e2d\u90e8\u96f2\u6797\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5927\u576a\u9802\u300d\u7684\u5c71\u5730\uff0c\u4e09\u9762\u6eaa\u8c37\u5305\u570d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u6771\u5357\u8207\u96aa\u5cfb\u7684\u5c71\u5730\u9023\u63a5\uff0c\u5730\u52e2\u96aa\u60e1\uff0c\u7531\u67ef\u9435\u6240\u7387\u9818\u7684\u67ef\u6c0f\u5bb6\u65cf\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002<wbr \/>\u7576\u65e5\u8ecd\u5f9e\u5317\u5357\u4e0b\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u7c21\u7fa9\u7b49\u6297\u65e5\u4efd\u5b50\u7d1b\u7d1b\u4f86\u6b64\u5730\u907f\u98a8\u96e8\u3002<wbr \/>1896\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\u96f2\u6797\u7e23\u5730\u65b9\u88ab\u53f0\u4e2d\u7e23\u5408\u4f75\uff0c\u96f2\u6797\u652f\u5ef3\u8a2d\u65bc\u6597\u516d\u3002<wbr \/>6\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u6df7\u6210\u7b2c\u4e8c\u65c5\u5718\u7684\u5b88\u5099\u968a\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u99d0\u96f2\u6797\u5730\u65b9\u3002<wbr \/>\u7576\u6642\u5927\u576a\u9802\u6709\u6297\u65e5\u4efd\u5b50\u5343\u9918\u4eba\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8a93\u6b7b\u6297\u65e5\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5c07\u5927\u576a\u9802\u6539\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9435\u570b\u5c71\u300d\uff0c\u5411\u5168\u5cf6\u767c\u51fa\u6a84\u6587\uff0c<wbr \/>\u547c\u7c72\u5c07\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u9a45\u9010\u51fa\u81fa\u7063\u30026\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u4e00\u9023\u968a\u9032\u5165\u6597\u516d\uff0c\u300c<wbr \/>\u9435\u570b\u5c71\u300d\u7684\u6297\u65e5\u8ecd\u907f\u5176\u92d2\u92b3\uff0c\u9000\u5165\u6df1\u5c71\u3002\u5f9e\u6b64\u4e00\u76f4\u52306\u670822\u65e5\uff0c<wbr \/>\u65e5\u8ecd\u5728\u96f2\u6797\u5730\u65b9\u8840\u8165\u5c60\u6bba\uff0c\u5171\u67094295\u6236\u6c11\u5b85\u88ab\u71d2\u6bc0\uff0c<wbr \/>\u6b98\u6bba\u6c11\u773e6000\u4eba[16] \u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6b61\u8fce\u65e5\u8ecd\u7684\u7d0450\u540d\u9806\u6c11\uff0c\u4ea6\u5728\u88ab\u6bba\u4e4b\u5217\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u7576\u6642\u7684\u81fa\u7063\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u9662\u9577\u9ad8\u91ce\u5b5f\u77e9\uff0c\u5c0d\u96f2\u6797\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5982\u6b64\u8b49\u8a00\uff1a\u300c<wbr \/>\u65e5\u8ecd\u6f2b\u7136\u51fa\u5175\uff0c\u8cbb\u516d\u65e5\u6642\u9593\u71d2\u6bc070\u9918\u500b\u6751\u838a\u7684\u6c11\u5b85\uff0c<wbr \/>\u6bba\u5bb3\u826f\u83a0\u4e0d\u5206\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u4eba\u58eb300\u9918\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c<wbr \/>\u6b64\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u6b64\u6b21\u66b4\u52d5\u8702\u8d77\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6545\u8aaa\u6709\u571f\u532a\u5e7e\u767e\u4eba\u6216\u5e7e\u5343\u4eba\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5be6\u969b\u6e05\u67e5\u5247\u591a\u70ba\u826f\u6c11\uff0c\u7236\u88ab\u6bba\u3001\u6bcd\u88ab\u596a\u3001\u5144\u88ab\u5bb3\u3001\u5b50\u88ab\u6bba\u3001\u59bb\u88ab\u6bba\u3001<wbr \/>\u5f1f\u88ab\u5bb3\u800c\u57fa\u65bc\u61a4\u6068\uff0c<wbr \/>\u6216\u5bb6\u5c4b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u85cf\u8ca1\u7522\u6089\u88ab\u71d2\u76e1\u800c\u55aa\u5931\u5bc4\u751f\u4e4b\u8655\u8005\u3002\u300d[17]<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>1896\u5e747\u67084\u65e5\u9999\u6e2f\u82f1\u6587\u5831\u7d19\u300eDaily Press\u300f<wbr \/>\u62ab\u9732\u65e5\u8ecd\u57286\u670816\u65e5\u52306\u670822\u65e5\u7684\u96f2\u6797\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u4e8b\u4ef6[18] \uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5f15\u767c\u570b\u969b\u9593\u6ce8\u610f\u65e5\u8ecd\u6b98\u9177\u5c60\u6bba\u53f0\u6c11\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6[19] \u3002\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5373\u4e0d\u65b7\u8a13\u4ee4\u6709\u95dc\u55ae\u4f4d\u53d6\u6d88\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u805e\u6709\u95dc\u571f\u532a\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c<wbr \/>\u8acb\u62d3\u690d\u52d9\u6b21\u5b98\u5c07\u4e8b\u5be6\u520a\u8f09\u5728\u5916\u4e8b\u65b0\u805e[20] \u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u570b\u65b0\u805e\u4e0a\u96b1\u779e\u6b64\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ee5\u96f2\u6797\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u70ba\u5951\u6a5f\uff0c<wbr \/>\u81fa\u7063\u5404\u5730\u9023\u9396\u6027\u5730\u7206\u767c\u5c0d\u65e5\u672c\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5404\u5730\u8208\u8d77\u6297\u65e5\u904b\u52d5\u3002<wbr \/>\u5728\u570b\u969b\u8f3f\u8ad6\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u6842\u592a\u90ce\u88ab\u8feb\u4e0b\u53f0\uff0c\u5f88\u8af7\u523a\u7684\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5c31\u4efb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4efb\u7e3d\u7763\u4e43\u6728\u5e0c\u5178\u6b63\u662f\u7532\u5348\u6230\u722d\u65c5\u9806\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u4e2d\u61c9\u8ca0\u8cac\u7684\u65c5\u5718<wbr \/>\u9577\u3002 <\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>(\u4e94)\u963f\u516c\u5e97\u5927\u5c60\u6bba<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u6709\u4eba\u6b4c\u980c\u7b2c\u56db\u4efb\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5152\u7389\u6e90\u592a\u90ce\u8207\u6c11\u653f\u9577\u5b98\u5f8c\u85e4\u65b0\u5e73\u662f\u300c<wbr \/>\u81fa\u7063\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u300d\u7684\u50ac\u751f\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5c0d\u53f0\u65bd\u884c\u300c\u61f7\u67d4\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u7684\u300c\u80fd\u540f\u300d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4f46\u662f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u58eb\u9053\u6bba\u4eba\u5982\u9ebb\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4ee5\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u93ae\u58d3\u6297\u65e5\u53f0\u6c11\uff0c\u78ba\u7acb\u5176\u7d71\u6cbb\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<wbr \/>\u5152\u7389\u65bc1898\u5e74\u5c31\u4efb\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\uff0c<wbr \/>\u6c7a\u5b9a\u81ea11\u670812\u65e5\u5c55\u958b\u5c0d\u81fa\u7063\u4e2d\u5357\u90e8\u6297\u65e5\u8ecd\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u653b\u64ca\uff0c<wbr \/>\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5927\u8a0e\u4f10\u300d\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u300c\u5927\u8a0e\u4f10\u300d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4f9d\u53f0\u5357\u7e23\u77e5\u4e8b\u63d0\u51fa\u7d66\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u7684\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u6bba\u5bb3\u4eba\u6578\u90542,053\u4eba\uff0c<wbr \/>\u50b7\u8005\u4e0d\u8a08\u5176\u6578\u3002\u6c11\u5b85\u71d2\u6bc0\u6578\uff0c\u5168\u71d2\u6bc02,783\u6236\uff0c\u534a\u71d2\u6bc0 3,030\u6236\u3002\u5bb6\u5c4b\u7684\u5168\u71d2\u3001\u534a\u71d2\uff0c\u5bb6\u8ca1\u7684\u71d2\u6bc0\u7b49\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4f9d\u7576\u6642\u5e63\u503c\u905438,000\u9918\u65e5\u5713[21]\u3002<wbr \/>\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u6700\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u963f\u516c\u5e97\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6709\u5c45\u4f4f\u5b89\u5e73\u3001\u6253\u72d7\uff08\u9ad8\u96c4\uff09<wbr \/>\u7684\u5916\u570b\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d\u65e5\u8ecd\u7684\u6b98\u66b4\u8b70\u8ad6\u7d1b\u7d1b\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u7267\u5e2b\u798f\u683c\u68ee(<wbr \/>Duncan Ferguson)\u7b49\uff0c\u5373\u5411\u300e\u9999\u6e2f\u65e5\u5831\u300f(Daily News)\u6295\u66f8\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u65e5\u8ecd\u55aa\u5931\u4eba\u6027\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u554f\u984c\uff0c<wbr \/>\u9b27\u6210\u570b\u969b\u8f3f\u8ad6\u7684\u4ea4\u76f8\u6307\u8cac[22] \u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>(\u516d)\u6b78\u9806\u5f0f\u5834\u8a98\u6bba\u6158\u6848<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u5152\u7389\u8207\u5f8c\u85e4\u5c0d\u4ed8\u81fa\u7063\u4e2d\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u6297\u65e5\u52e2\u529b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u8ecd\u8b66\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u300c\u8a0e\u4f10\u300d<wbr \/>\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u53c8\u4f7f\u7528\u62db\u964d\u7684\u8a98\u6bba\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u571f\u532a\u62db\u964d\u7b56\u300d\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5176\u7b56\u756b\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u5152\u7389\u7e3d\u7763\uff0c\u800c\u53c3\u8207\u7acb\u6848\u8005\u70ba\u5f8c\u85e4\u6c11\u653f\u9577\u5b98\u3001<wbr \/>\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u4e8b\u52d9\u5b98\u70ba\u963f\u5ddd\u5149\u7950\u3001\u7b56\u58eb\u70ba\u767d\u4e95\u65b0\u592a\u90ce[23] \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u96f2\u6797\u7684\u9a19\u6bba\u6297\u65e5\u8ecd\u6700\u99ed\u4eba\u807d\u805e\u3002\u65bc\u662f1902\u5e74\uff0c<wbr \/>\u6597\u516d\u5ef3\u9577\u8352\u8cc0\u76f4\u9806\u8207\u8b66\u52d9\u8ab2\u9577\u5ca9\u5143\u77e5\u5bc6\u8b00\u62db\u964d\u6bba\u622e\u7684\u8a08\u756b[24] \u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>5\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u6597\u516d\u5ef3\u9577\u8352\u8cc0\u8207\u8a72\u5730\u5b88\u5099\u968a\u9577\u3001<wbr \/>\u61b2\u5175\u5206\u968a\u9577\u5bc6\u8b70\u57285\u670825\u65e5\u8209\u884c\u6b78\u9806\u5178\u79ae\u9a19\u6bba\u3002<wbr \/>5\u670818\u65e5\u5ca9\u5143\u8b66\u52d9\u8ab2\u9577\u53ec\u96c6\u6797\u572f\u57d4\u3001\u5d01\u982d\u539d\u3001\u571f\u5eab\u3001\u4ed6\u91cc\u9727\u3001<wbr \/>\u4e0b\u6e56\u53e3\u4e94\u4f4d\u652f\u5ef3\u9577\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u8209\u884c\u6b78\u9806\u5178\u79ae\u7684\u771f\u610f\u8207\u8655\u7f6e\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4e26\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6597\u516d\u3001\u6797\u572f\u57d4\u3001\u5d01\u982d\u539d\u3001\u897f\u87ba\u3001\u4ed6\u91cc\u9727\u3001<wbr \/>\u5167\u6797\u76846\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u70ba\u5f0f\u5834\uff0c\u4e26\u547d\u5404\u652f\u5ef3\u9577\u597d\u597d\u6e96\u5099[25] \u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u5373\u5c0d\u65bc\u8868\u793a\u6295\u964d\u7684\u6297\u65e5\u5404\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5584\u7528\u7518\u8a00\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u4ed6\u5011\u6b78\u9806\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5167\u5fc3\u5247\u4f01\u5716\u5fb9\u5e95\u527f\u6ec5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8a02\u5b9a\u662f\u5e745\u670825\u65e5\uff0c<wbr \/>\u7d04\u5f35\u5927\u7337\u4ee5\u4e0b265\u540d\u6297\u65e5\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8072\u8a00\u5206\u5225\u57286 \u8655\u8209\u884c\u6b78\u9806\u5f0f\u3002\u5373\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u6597\u516d\u5f0f\u583460\u9918\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8c\u3001<wbr \/>\u6797\u675e\u57d4\u5f0f\u583463\u4eba\uff0c\u4e09\u3001\u5d4c\u982d\u539d\u5f0f\u583438\u4eba\uff0c\u56db\u3001\u897f\u87ba\u5f0f\u583430\u4eba\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4e94\u3001\u4ed6\u91cc\u9727\u5f0f\u583424\u4eba\uff0c\u516d\u3001\u6797\u5167\u5f0f\u583439 \u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7528\u6a5f\u95dc\u69cd\uff0c\u65bc6\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u540c\u6642\u5168\u90e8\u6bba\u622e[26] \u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8a98\u964d\uff0c\u6b3a\u9a19\u6bba\u622e\u7684\u4e8b\u8de1\uff0c\u65e5\u4eba\u88fd\u9020\u53e3\u5be6\uff0c\u50c5\u8aaa\u660e\u70ba\uff1a<wbr \/>5\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u6b78\u9806\u5f0f\u5834\u5984\u52d5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u9f4a\u6bba\u622e\u3002\u800c\u906e\u63a9\u9a19\u6bba\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>(\u4e03)\u564d\u5427\u54d6\u5927\u5c60\u6bba<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u53c8\u59821915\u5e74\u4f59\u6e05\u82b3\u4ee5\u53f0\u5357\u7684\u897f\u4f86\u5eb5\u300c\u98df\u83dc\u5802\u300d<wbr \/>\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63a8\u5c55\u6297\u65e5\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u8b66\u4ee5\u8a98\u6bba\u8a6d\u8a08\uff0c\u5c07\u53f0\u5357\u564d\u5427\u54d6(<wbr \/>\u7389\u4e95\uff0c\u65e5\u8a9e\u5538tamai)\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5f8c\u539d\uff0c\u7af9\u570d\u3001\u756a\u4ed4\u539d\u3001\u65b0\u5316\u3001<wbr \/>\u5167\u5e84\u3001\u5de6\u93ae\u3001\u8336\u5bee\u7b49\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u4f4d\u6751\u843d\u5c45\u6c113200\u9918\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u8001\u5e7c\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4f9d\u6b21\u6bba\u622e[27] \u3002\u65e5\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u6158\u7d55\u4eba\u5bf0\u7684\u5927\u51f6\u6bba\uff0c\u6975\u76e1\u96b1\u5bc6\u7684\u80fd\u4e8b\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4f8b\u5982\u79cb\u6fa4\u6b21\u90ce\u8457\u300e\u81fa\u7063\u532a\u8a8c\u300f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u558b\u558b\u4e0d\u4f11\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u300c\u532a\u5f92\u7684\u66b4\u52d5\u300d<wbr \/>\u548c\u300c\u8056\u6069\u6d2a\u5927\u7121\u908a\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u9a19\u6bba\u4e8b\u5be6\u63d0\u8d77\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4f46\u662f\u5f9e\u5176\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7aba\u8996\u9a19\u6bba\u7684\u86db\u7d72\u99ac\u8de1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u66f8\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u6b64\uff0c<wbr \/>\u6b98\u532a\u8a98\u51fa\u7d42\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7f6a\u72c0\u6700\u91cd\uff0c<wbr \/>\u4e0d\u80fd\u6eaf\u53ca\u5927\u6b634\u5e7411 \u6708\u7684\u5927\u8d66\u6069\u5178\u8005\uff0c\u7e31\u4f7f\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u5982\u5168\u514d\u5211\u8cac\u5247\u6709\u6789\u570b\u6cd5\uff0c<wbr \/>\u6709\u50b7\u570b\u5bb6\u5a01\u4fe1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u8655\u5211\u3002[28] \u300d\uff0c\u6297\u65e5\u9818\u8896\u6c5f\u5b9a\u7b49\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u88ab\u8a98\u964d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8655\u6b7b\u7684\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u5f8c\u85e4\u65b0\u5e73\u5728\u5176\u300e\u65e5\u672c\u690d\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u4e00\u6591\u300f\u516c\u958b\u8aaa\uff0c<wbr \/>\u5728\u4ed6\u7d71\u6cbb\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u4e94\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u300c\u6bba\u622e\u532a\u5f92\u6578\u300d\u5c31\u905411,950\u4eba[<wbr \/>29] \u3002\u65e5\u672c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u532a\u5f92\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\uff0c\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u6297\u65e5\u300d\u7684\u81fa\u7063\u4eba\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u4f9d\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u6587\u737b\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u59d4\u54e1\u738b\u570b\u74a0\u7de8\u8457\u7684\u300e\u81fa\u7063\u6297\u65e5\u53f2\u300f\uff0c\u300c<wbr \/>\u81fa\u7063\u6dea\u65bc\u65e5\u4eba\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u5782\u4e94\u5341\u6709\u4e00\u5e74\u2026\u2026\u6211\u540c\u80de\u6158\u906d\u5c60\u6bba\u7e3d\u6578\uff0c<wbr \/>\u7d04\u8fd1\u56db\u5341\u842c\u4eba\uff1b\u711a\u71d2\u623f\u5c4b\u50c5\u4e59\u672a\u5e74(1895\u5e74)\u5167\u5373\u9054\u4e09\u5343\u9918\u6240\uff0c<wbr \/>\u81f3\u65bc\u5a66\u5973\u4e4b\u88ab\u6deb\u8650\uff0c\u4e01\u58ef\u4e4b\u88ab\u5974\u5f79\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u4e4b\u640d\u5931\uff0c<wbr \/>\u66f4\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u4f30\u7b97\u300d\u3002[30] \u300d<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u73fe\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u53f3\u7ffc\u4efd\u5b50\u5e38\u6b4c\u980c\u65e5\u672c\u768450\u5e74\u81fa\u7063\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u6210\u529f\u70ba\u300c<wbr \/>\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u81fa\u7063\u5b78\u8005\u8ffd\u96a8\u8457\u8aaa\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u300c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5316\u300d\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c<wbr \/>\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u300d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u81fa\u7063\u5272\u8b93\u65e5\u672c\u5f8c\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u58eb\u9053\u5728\u53f0\u767c\u5a01\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u300c<wbr \/>\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u300d\u6210\u679c\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u65bc\u8aaa\u81fa\u7063\u4eba\u662f\u8ce4\u9aa8\u982d\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u6c92\u6709\u300c<wbr \/>\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u300d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u55ce\uff1f<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u6ce8\u91cb\uff1a <\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[13] \u6749\u6d66\u548c\u4f5c\u300e\u660e\u6cbb\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\u81fa\u7063\u5e73\u5b9a\u8a18\u300f\u53f0\u5317\u30011896\u5e74\u3001\u980171\uff1b<wbr \/>\u65e5\u672c\u53c3\u8b00\u672c\u90e8\u7de8\u3000 \u300e\u660e\u6cbb\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u516b\u5e74\u65e5\u6e05\u6230\u53f2\u300f\uff0c\u8a31\u4f69\u8ce2\u8b6f\u300e\u653b\u53f0\u6230\u7d00\u2500\u2500\u65e5\u6e05\u6230\u53f2\u3001<wbr \/>\u81fa\u7063\u7bc7\u300f\uff1b\u53f0\u5317\u3001\u9060\u6d41\u30011995\u5e74\u3001\u9801184-193\uff1b<wbr \/>\u8a31\u4f69\u8ce2\u8b6f\u300e\u653b\u53f0\u898b\u805e\u2500\u2500\u98a8\u4fd7\u756b\u5831\u3001\u81fa\u7063\u5f81\u8a0e\u5716\u7e6a\u7bc7\u300f\u53f0\u5317\u3001\u9060\u6d41\u3001<wbr \/>1995\u5e74\u3001\u9801150-152\uff1b\u8a31\u4e16\u6977\u300e\u65e5\u672c\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e0b\u81fa\u7063\u2014<wbr \/>\u62b5\u6297\u5f48\u58d3\u2014\u300f\u6771\u4eac\uff0c\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u6703\uff0c1984\u5e74\uff0c\u980150-51\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[14] \u300e\u653b\u53f0\u6230\u7d00\u300f\u9801248-253\uff1b\u300e\u653b\u53f0\u898b\u805e\u300f\u9801294\uff1b\u300e<wbr \/>\u8b93\u53f0\u8a18\u300f\u980160\u3001\u980163\u3001\u980164-65\uff1b\u300e\u701b\u6d77\u5055\u4ea1\u8a18\u300f\u980111\u3001<wbr \/>\u980115\uff1b\u59da\u932b\u5149\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u5175\u4e8b\u7d00\u7565\u3001\u81fa\u7063\u7bc7\u4e0a\u300d\u3001\u6536\u5165\u300e\u53f0\u6d77\u601d\u615f\u9304\u300f<wbr \/>\u980161\uff1b\u6d2a\u68c4\u751f\u300e\u701b\u6d77\u5055\u4ea1\u8a18\u300f\u53f0\u5317\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u9280\u884c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c<wbr \/>1959\u5e74\uff0c\u980124-25\u3002 <\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[15] \u300e\u653b\u53f0\u898b\u805e\u300f\u9801422\uff1b\u300e\u8b93\u53f0\u8a18\u300f\u980169-70\u3002 <\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[16] \u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u300e\u9678\u8ecd\u5e55\u50da\u6b77\u53f2\u8349\u6848\u300f\u5377\u4e00\uff0c6\u670821\u65e5\u689d\uff1b<wbr \/>\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u52d9\u5c40\u7de8\u300e\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u5bdf\u6cbf\u9769\u8a8c\u300f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7de8\uff0c\u4e0a\u5377\uff08<wbr \/>\u6771\u4eac\u3001\u7da0\u852d\u66f8\u623f\u30011986\u5e74\u3001\u5fa9\u523b\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u9801432\u3001\u9801436\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[17] \u82eb\u5730\u6cbb\u4e09\u90ce\u300e\u9ad8\u91ce\u5b5f\u77e9\u300f1897\u5e74\u3001\u9801252-253\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[18] \u300e\u81fa\u7063\u53f2\u6599\u7a3f\u672c\u300f\u5377\u516d\uff0c\u980158\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[19] \u300e\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u5bdf\u6cbf\u9769\u8a8c\u300f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7de8\uff0c\u4e0a\u5377\uff0c\u9801436\uff1b\u300e<wbr \/>\u516c\u7235\u6842\u592a\u90ce\u50b3\u300f\u4e7e\u5377\uff0c\u9801735\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[20] \u300e\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u516c\u6587\u985e\u7e82\u300f23\u5377\u6c38\u4e45\u4e59\u7a2e\u7b2c\u5341\u9580\u8ecd\u4e8b\uff0c<wbr \/>\u660e\u6cbb29\u5e747\u670811\u65e5\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[21] \u300e\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u5bdf\u6cbf\u9769\u8a8c\u300f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7de8\uff0c\u4e0a\u5377\uff0c\u9801512\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[22] \u300e\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u5bdf\u6cbf\u9769\u8a8c\u300f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7de8\uff0c\u4e0a\u5377\uff0c\u9801512\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[23] \u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u7de8\u7e82\u300e\u81fa\u7063\u532a\u4e82\u5c0f\u53f2\u300f\u53f0\u5317\u3001\u53f0\u5357\u65b0\u5831\u652f\u5c40\u3001<wbr \/>1920\u5e74\uff0c\u980122\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[24] \u300e\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u5bdf\u6cbf\u9769\u8a8c\u300f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7de8\uff0c\u4e0a\u5377\uff0c\u9801454\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[25] \u300e\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u5bdf\u6cbf\u9769\u8a8c\u300f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7de8\uff0c\u4e0a\u5377\uff0c\u9801457\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[26] \u300e\u81fa\u7063\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u8b66\u5bdf\u6cbf\u9769\u8a8c\u300f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7de8\uff0c\u4e0a\u5377\uff0c\u9801460-461\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[27] \u300e\u5357\u6295\u7e23\u9769\u547d\u5fd7\u7a3f\u300f\uff0c\u9801176-181\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[28] \u79cb\u6fa4\u6b21\u90ce\u300e\u81fa\u7063\u532a\u8a8c\u300f\u53f0\u5317\u3001\u6749\u7530\u66f8\u5e97\u30011923\u5e74\u3001\u9801295\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[29] \u5f8c\u85e4\u65b0\u5e73\u300e\u65e5\u672c\u690d\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u4e00\u6591\u300f\u6771\u4eac\uff0c\u62d3\u690d\u65b0\u5831\u793e\uff0c1921\u5e74\uff0c<wbr \/>\u980127-28\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[30] \u738b\u570b\u74a0\u7de8\u8457\u300e\u81fa\u7063\u6297\u65e5\u53f2\u300f\uff08\u7532\u7bc7\uff09\u53f0\u5317\u6587\u737b\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c1981\u5e74\uff0c<wbr \/>\u9801327\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[31] \u77f3\u4e95\u6eff\u300e\u65b0\u6e21\u6236\u7a3b\u9020\u50b3\u300f\u6771\u4eac\uff0c\u95dc\u8c37\u66f8\u5e97\uff0c1934\u5e74\uff0c\u9801172-<wbr \/>173\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[1][32] \u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u2219M\u2219\u5927\u57ce\u300c\u30e1\u30ea\u30fc\u2219P\u2219E\u2219\u65b0\u6e21\u6236\u2015<wbr \/>\u6230\u524d\u306e\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u65b0\u6e21\u6236\u7a3b\u9020\u306e\u59bb\u300d\uff0c\u300e\u65b0\u6e21\u6236\u7a3b\u9020\u7814\u7a76\u300f\u7b2c\u516b\u865f\uff08<wbr \/>1999\u5e74\uff09\u9801143-166\u3002<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>[33] \u65b0\u6e21\u6236\u7a3b\u9020\u8457\u3001\u77e2\u5167\u539f\u5fe0\u96c4\u8b6f\u300e\u6b66\u58eb\u9053\u300f\u6771\u4eac\uff0c\u5ca9\u6ce2\u66f8\u5e97\uff0c 1969\u5e74\uff0c\u980111\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u81f3\u65bc\u6709\u95dc\u6170\u5b89\u5a66\u90e8\u5206, \u5c31\u770b\u770b\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\u7247\u5427\uff01<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u9644\u6ce8\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u300a\u5ee3\u8fad\u82d1\u300b\u5c0d\u300c\u6170\u5b89\u5a66\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u300c<wbr \/>\u96a8\u8ecd\u5230\u6230\u5730\u90e8\u968a\uff0c\u5b89\u6170\u904e\u5b98\u5175\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53eb\u300c\u5b89\u6170\u300d\uff1f<wbr \/>\u5531\u6b4c\u8df3\u821e\u55ce\uff1f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5b78\u8005\u7d66\u300c\u6170\u5b89\u5a66\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\uff1a<wbr \/>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u70ba\u65e5\u672c\u8ecd\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6027\u670d\u52d9\u3001<wbr \/>\u5145\u7576\u6027\u5974\u96b8\u7684\u5a66\u5973\uff0c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u8ecd\u968a\u5c08\u5c6c\u7684\u6027\u5974\u96b8\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_3049\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"3049\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa 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12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/acf100.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div 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