叢培欣： 關於人类越来越頻發惡性傳染病根本原因的探討
——《相反論》後記 ：“SARS 與 船論”
SARS出現了，它出現的原因僅僅是病毒的突變嗎，它為何在2002年出現；它為何在中國首先被發現感染；它為何首先在人的肺部突破；除了我們論述的癌癥、愛滋病等目前的絕癥的根本原因以外，這種有強烈傳染特性的快速制人於死地的，目前無特效藥物的病的產生的根本原因又是什麽？
（下面我要説明的是：每一項人类广泛使用的重要科技甚至代步的汽車，都使得人类的機軆相反的向退化前进一步，如针對免疫系統退化的疫苗的發明是否是抵抗退化的新科技？是否又形成新一輪的…：作者注於2020年）
在深入分析前，為了深入淺出，我們回顧一下前三十章的有關論點：
“人類離微生物越遠，就離滅亡越近──人們自覺不自覺地離微生物越來越遠，因此人類不靠 科學技術，而靠自身的免疫系統來單獨地戰勝對人類有害的微生物的能力卻越來越喪失。”（問題四 ）
“鑒於這些發明對人類曾做成如此巨大的貢獻，我們本來不忍作如下的比喻，但遺憾的這是客觀存在的事實：如果把抗菌素的發明對人類免疫系統的弱化的影響比喻為瀑布的落差；就可以把顯微鏡的發明比喻為降低一個大臺階；那麽還可以把冰櫃的發明比喻為降低一個小臺階。因為，冰櫃的發明使人類的食物中的微生物繁殖大減，使人類在食物方面接觸細菌的機會大為減少。”（問題九 ）
“ 如果到一天，人類的免疫系統終於崩潰，人類在等待滅亡，這時我們回想起來，分析免疫系統這艘巨輪的沈沒的原因，將會證明如下的結論：如果抗菌素的使用是壓沈免疫系統的一塊巨石；那麽，火的使用，顯微鏡的使用，消毒劑的使用都是壓沈它的一塊又一塊的石頭。這艘巨輪沈沒的歷史就是人類離開微生物越來越遠的歷史。
不要因為抗菌素的發明，火的使用，顯微鏡的發明是多麽的偉大，而就不承認上面的看來是殘酷的真理，要看到這些發明的副作用——人類由於遠離微生物而使免疫系統出現不可避免的退化，本文稱它為惰性退化。它區別於單指免疫系統賴藥性退化，這種退化的原因比賴藥性退化的原因更廣泛，不僅由於使用藥物，而且由於各種遠離和隔絕人類與細菌的接觸，使免疫系統得不到鍛煉而退化。人類的免疫系統的退化，不是從抗菌素的使用開始，而是從使用火的時代就逐漸開始。只有發現它，承認它，自覺地彌補它，才能讓人類更美好。(問題四 )
“為了更形象的說明這一問題，我們用下面一種比喻。如果把生物的免疫系統比喻成一艘大船，那麽不同科屬的動物的免疫系統是一艘艘不同的船。而船弦邊的側量水深度的尺度，就是免疫系統的強度標準。通過評定和比較，我們就會知道各種不同類型的生物的免疫系統的強度，哪一艘船面臨著沈沒的危險。人類整體的免疫系統處在一個什麽樣的水準上。每一個人處在什麽水準上。也許某一個人的免疫系統很堅強，對癌癥和艾滋病有著天生的免疫力；也許某一個人的免疫系統已降到安全標準以下，已經在患病過程中；也許某一個人的免疫系統已處在被損毀的邊際，吃一次過量的黃曲黴素，吃一劑化學藥品就能成為壓成這艘免疫系統巨輪的最後一塊石頭。”（問題五 ）
以上的論述主要闡明了一個觀點——人類在發明工具並產生三次社會大分工的同時，不管這些由於科學技術的發展所發明的工具多麽偉大，曾經挽救了多少人類的生命（如火的使用、抗菌素的發明、以及顯微鏡、各種藥物各種醫療技術包括免疫疫苗和助產術…….）一個重要的客觀事實是——引起了人類的免疫系統和身體功能產生兩種退化，一種是賴藥性退化，另一種是依賴性退化。兩種退化的原因歸根結底都是人類在使用自己創造的工具的同時在退化本體自身的功能，我們統稱它為人類免疫系統和身體功能的惰性退化。
另外，在以上論述中我們把這種退化形象的比喻為一艘逐步被石頭壓沈的巨輪。我們把這一巨輪主要比喻為人類的免疫系統。
這章節我們本想用“SARS和沈船論”這樣的標題，後來覺得沈船論太悲觀了，我們理論的實質應是“SARS和防止沈船論”
人類在漫長的歷史中，由於技術、高科技的發展，由於對工具（廣義工具包括藥物和醫療技術以及各種產品、技術和人為系統）的逐步廣泛使用，特別是和人體自身相關的技術和工具的發展，人類的身體功能尤其是免疫系統的功能產生了依賴性退化和賴藥性退化——即產生了整個人類意義上的平均統一的系統功能的惰性退化。這是不以人的意誌轉移的客觀現象。
我們把這些一個個技術和工具的使用當成壓低這艘巨輪的吃水線的一塊塊大小不一的石頭；我們把各種抗菌素、免疫疫苗，各種醫學技術和科學技術的發展看成是增高巨輪四周船舷的一塊塊材料。這裏出現的問題是：
1、人類功能對一個個科學技術的依賴的過程如同一塊塊石頭壓低輪船吃水線的過程，但，這裏的特點是整艘巨輪同時往下沈淪；
2、人類運用科學技術對自身功能弱化的填補，類似一次次的加高四周船舷的修補，但，這裏的特點則是東一塊西一塊的不均衡增高，容易造成了可能左舷加高但右舷漫水的不對稱性，從而造成整船傾覆的危險；
3、 有了以上的基礎，我們現在可以看看為什麽SARS出現了，而且出現在人類當今經濟發展最快的地區——既不是衛生條件最落後的地區，也不是經濟和制度最先進的地區。但它的危害卻是全人類的，因為全人類的免疫系統的退化水準是基本一致的，雖然些微小差別，但是落後地區人的免疫系統的惰性退化稍微少些，但科學技術和防治體系差些；先進地區人的免疫系統的惰性退化稍微多些，但科學技術和防治系統健全些。
SARS在地球目前經濟和社會發展最快的地區中國首先發現，並在全球蔓延，其產生的原因是復雜的、是歷史的、是綜合的：
1、由於人類總體的科學技術和廣義工具使用的歷史發展，由於人類身體的功能，特別是免疫系統在這個發展中出現的依賴性退化和賴藥性退化——即綜合性的惰性退化。從人類整體講，在當今的一長段歷史時期，人類免疫系統已經到了快被其他生物體内的微生物突破的臨界點。癌癥、愛滋病的出現是一個警訊和標誌，SARS的出現是更急迫的警訊和指標。如果人類還不警惕這種人類自身功能的綜合性惰性退化，是更為危險的事情。SARS不僅對發現的國家有威脅，而是對全人類有同樣的威脅。
2、人類的身體系統會在那一個部分被首先突破（在那一方位的船舷漫水）而造成巨輪的傾覆？我們認為，會在人體中惰性退化最大的部分被首先突破。這些部分主要是人們最相應保護的部分；醫療技術最關愛的部分；與外界交換物質最密切的部分。人類的性器官、消化器官和呼吸器官首當其中，將來會涉及血液循環器官、信息器官。
3、SARS這類高傳染性高死亡率的病癥迅速傳染，並不特定在最先進地區——人的免疫系統由於醫療條件優越而較多退化的地區。也不特定在最落後地區——是醫療條件最差但對免疫系統破壞較少的地區。它會容易出現在人們內在的免疫系統的降低超過了外在的防護系統保護的提高，這兩者相對失衡的地區。（外在防護系統包括抗菌素、醫療條件、防治研究條件、預警和病毒的傳染防火墻隔離阻斷系統、新聞監督和政府動員和行政機制系統、經濟和社會發展的按比例的調節體系。）
4、中國的廣東首先發現SARS，中國的香港是重感染區。這些不能完全看作是偶然的。廣東是近一二十年來全世界經濟發展最快的地區，證明這個地區在這個階段生產關系是最適合經濟發展的，但在大發展中很難避免出現新的不平衡。如上所述的在醫療、防治、預警、隔離和市場管理等公共衛生體系包括涉及上層建築方面的相關的改進方面的投資的失衡。另外，中國相較發達國家，中國在抗菌素的供應和使用方面的過於自由，以及廣東食用各種動物的習慣，各種性病的蔓延和濫用頂級抗菌素的民風，這是造成全民免疫系統弱化和極其容易被變異病毒致死的根本原因。
關於預警系統，我們最近看到一則資料，據說，美國曾經在一個軍官身上發現一種新的危害大的基因突變的傳染病毒，由於發現早隔離早，死亡人數僅一人，就是這名軍官。但這種病毒畢竟不是SARS。SARS如果出現在美國，是否也能控制好，沒有答案，因為畢竟歷史沒有這樣去寫。
(2019年美國的流感據說已死亡8千多人，但美國並未進入緊急狀態，有人質疑是掩蓋，也有人認為是因為流感有藥可醫-作者註)
香港的生活和飲食習慣和廣東相同，香港雖然有良好的醫療體系，但被人們的免疫系統更多的退化和人口更密集的居住和流動所抵消。現在農村和幼兒感染少，除了外部原因之外，是否能部分的證明上述觀點——即農村人口和孩子由於吃藥少和吃藥歷史短而免疫系統破壞小，又由於小病多而免疫系統鍛煉多,因而對SARS有一定抵抗能力。
以上的分析，是力圖從人類和人類社會本身來分析SARS產生的根源。如果要讓人類這艘巨輪破浪遠航而不沈沒，我們不僅要盡可能的均衡的增高四周的船舷，均衡地發展科學技術和支撐這個發展的社會體系，更要註意到一個客觀事實，任何一個重要的科學技術的發展都會有負面的效應，任何一個新的廣義上的工具的使用，都會造成新一輪的人體的惰性退化，這些都是準備壓沈這艘巨輪的石頭。重要的是我們要研究從巨輪中拿出一些石頭來。SARS的出現促進我們加快這樣的研究。在今後的章節裏我們將著重論述這些問題的題解。人類這艘巨輪應是宇宙間最偉大的巨輪之一，只要能正確認識和運用規律，我們完全能避免“泰坦尼克”式的悲劇。
所有的真理在被發現後都易於理解，問題是要發現它。
伽利略
（上文摘录於《相反論》後記 ：“SARS 與 船論”。 由於SARS的出現，《相反論》提前出版於2003年4月27日。 同時發表英文版，便于在英文网络轉載）
Discussion on the root cause of human more
and more frequent malignant infectious diseases
SARS AND THEORY-SHIP
<The theory of contrary> —— Postscript
SARS’ appearance advances the date we plan to publish <The theory of contrary > and the first question of second part of natural science. The date was April 27, 2003.
This article is the first chapter of “PART II” of our theory. Meanwhile, we publish it as the postscript of “PART I” for our readers.
Do you think of the reason of SARS’ appearance is only virus mutation? Why does it arise in year 2002? Why does the first SARS case be found in China? Why does it infect lungs first? Beside the reasons for other deadly diseases such as AIDS or cancer, what is the reason that causes SARS, which has stronger infectiousness and no effective cure?
Here’s what I’m saying: Every important technology widely used by humans, even cars, All make the human body move forward in the opposite direction, For example, is the invention of a vaccine against the inert degeneration of the immune system a new technology to combat inert degeneration? Whether a new round is formed…（Author’s note in 2020）
Let’s recall what we discussed in the front 30 chapters.
“Unconsciously, human beings are gradually drifting far away from microorganism. As a result, human immune system fails to fight against pernicious microorganism without the help of science and technology. Human immune system is weaker day and day.” (Question 4)
“Forgive me to have the following metaphor. If we consider antibiotics effect on weakening the human immune system as a waterfall level drop, then equally the effect of microscope should be treated as a large step. Even we can think of the effect of refrigerator as a small step because it prevents persons from touching too much microorganism remaining in not-fresh food.” (Question 9)
“When human immune system ship sinks one day, people will notice that each time using fire, microscope and disinfectants were rocks added onto this ship. The result is the inch by inch sinking of the ship. Maybe antibiotics will be the last rock to be added onto this ship. The process of ship sinking is a history that human beings are gradually moving away from microorganism.”
“We have to accept this situation that great inventions give us great side effects. Because of being away from microorganism, human immune system begins to degenerate. We call it inert degeneration, which is different from medicines-dependent degeneration. Keeping away bacterium causes human inactive degeneration. But this degeneration began as early as people have already known how to use fire. What can we do is to search how to remedy.” (Question 4)
“Let me have a metaphor to explain more clearly. The immune system of organism is a large ship, and each animal stands for a small single ship. The graduation on vessel’s side to measure depth is the measure of the immune system. Easily, we are able to be aware of which ship is going to sink and who is going to be risk in danger. Maybe someone has enough power to fight with Cancer or AIDS, while someone whose coefficient of immune system is below standard is suffering illness. Each time’s taking antibiotic is probably to break his/her immune system just like the last rock to be added onto the ship.” (Question 5)
Above paragraphs give us one idea: even if our greatest inventions save so many lives (for example: fire, antibiotic, microscope, and vaccines), an objective fact is that— these cause human immune system degenerations, medicine-dependent degeneration and dependent degeneration. Human beings degenerate part of their body functions while they use their own inventions. So we also call these degenerations as inert degeneration of human immune system and body function. Human immune system is a ship and because of immune system degeneration, it appears to be sinking.
The title of this article was “SARS and theory of ship-sink”. But it’s too pessimistic. In fact, what we advocate is “SARS and the theory of preventing ship-sink”.
In human history, human body function and immune system have been degenerated in different extent because of high technology development and the wide utility of new tools. These cause medicines-dependent degeneration and dependent degeneration. The total standard of human immune has been degenerated. This situation exists subjectively.
These tools and technology can be regarded as small rocks added onto the ship to cause ship to sink. Also various medical skills such as antibiotic and vaccine Is a piece of material that raises the ship ’s sides
The problem here is:
1. Human beings believe in science technology. This phenomenon seems like we add extra small rocks onto the human immune ship. The whole ship is sinking.
2. Science technology results in human immune system degeneration. It seems like crews heighten vessel’s sides unbalanced. Probably right side is higher than left side so that seawater Thus causing the whole ship to capsize .
3. Based on above discussion, we know the reason that SARS arose in the area where economic development is rapid, not an area where it has the best economic and social system. This calamity spread to the whole world because human immune has the same standard. The difference is people who live in less-developed areas have less dependent degeneration, but people who live in most developed have more dependent degeneration.
SARS was first discovered in China, the world’s most economically and socially developed region, and spread around the world. Its causes are complex, historical and comprehensive.
1. Because of science technology and new tools development, human immune system and body function result in medicine-dependent degeneration or dependent degeneration. Over the long period, human beings’ immune system can almost reach a break point. Cancer and AIDS are two signals to warn us. SARS is the stronger signal to tell us The human immune system has reached a critical point that is about to be broken by microorganisms in other organisms. Human beings have to turn their attention to dependent degeneration. Otherwise SARS will not only shock in several countries, but also the whole world.
2. At what part of the human system would the first break and cause the ship to capsize? We believe that the most inert parts of the human body will be the first to break through. These parts are mainly the most correspondingly protected parts of people; The most caring part of medical technology; The part closest to exchanging material with the outside world. The human sexual organs, digestive organs and respiratory organs are the first among them, which will involve blood circulation organs and information organs in the future
3.The high SARS disease death rate will not only occur in developed areas, but also the area where too much protection for human life causes human immune system degeneration. Also SARS will not only arise in undeveloped areas , But it’s sure that this kind of disease will arise in the area where the decrease of human immune system is greater than increase of outside protections. They include the areas are antibiotics, medical condition, research condition, early warning, the system for segregating virus infection, media supervision and not good balance between economic and social development.
4. The first SARS case was found in Guangdong, China. The most serious infection area is Hong Kong, China. These aren’t fortuitous. Guangdong is the fastest economic growth area of the world in this past decades. The productive relationship of this area is fit to productivity development. Fast development creates new unbalances in many aspects such as medical condition, prevention, early warning and health. Also it includes superstructures in related with unbalanced investments. China doesn’t have an efficient way to control and limit antibiotic use as well as prohibiting people eating wild animals. This situation causes many diseases. This is the root cause of the weakened immune system and the extreme vulnerability to death by mutated viruses.
And about early warning, we get recent news. It’s said that an American officer was suspected to get infective virus caused by gene mutation. By the early segregation and efficient control, it only caused one person died. It was the officer himself. But this virus isn’t SARS. We don’t know whether Americans can control SARS if the first SARS arrives to USA.
(the flu in the U.S. in 2019 is said to have killed more than 8,000 people, but the U.S. is not in a state of emergency, with some questioning a cover-up and others suggesting it has a cure.)
Hong Kong has the same living style with Guangdong. Although Hong Kong has better medical skills, it still fails to cover human immune system degeneration and dense population. Less rural population and young kids suffer SARS. Beside the outside reasons, it proves our opinion more or less. Rural population and young kids have stronger immune system because they take less medicines. Above analysis is based on human beings themselves or human bodies to search the roof of SARS. If we want to prevent human ship sinking, we have to develop science technology in balance to support our social system and also need to pay more attention on how to reduce side-effects caused by high technology development and any new tool inventions. All of there are rocks added onto the ship, and will lead to human immune system degeneration. It’s more important to take the search to stop adding rocks any more. SARS pushes us to accelerate our steps. In following chapters, we will discuss more these important problems. What we should do is to realize and use these rules. And we will avoid the “Titanic” tragedy.
All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them.
Galileo Galilei
作者：洛杉磯國際人类學恊會前主席 叢培欣
CONG,PEIXIN : The Former Chairman of The International Anthropology Association
E-mail:rethinknet@hotmail.com
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